Originally published in 1978, the contributors to this volume, including the leading figures in experimental psychopathology, were largely concerned with deducing the behaviour of schizophrenics from general psychological theories of language, learning and cognition. Their emphasis on deduction reflected a modern reliance on laboratory experimentation, and, taken as a whole, the chapters cover the breadth and variety of current approaches of the time to the study of schizophrenic language and cognition. The first part of the volume is concerned with recent developments in the study of schizophrenic language. The second part deals with various aspects of schizophrenic cognition. The final chapter, by the editor, attempts to review and integrate what was currently known about schizophrenic cognition and language. This chapter contrasts the various experimental methodologies used to validate theories by pointing out areas of agreement and disagreement as well as possible directions for future theory and research. Here is a book that at the time presented the most up-to-date overview available on language and thought in schizophrenia. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.

Originally published in 1978, the contributors to this volume, including the leading figures in experimental psychopathology, were largely concerned with deducing the behaviour of schizophrenics from general psychological theories of language, learning and cognition. Their emphasis on deduction reflected a modern reliance on laboratory experimentation, and, taken as a whole, the chapters cover the breadth and variety of current approaches of the time to the study of schizophrenic language and cognition. The first part of the volume is concerned with recent developments in the study of schizophrenic language. The second part deals with various aspects of schizophrenic cognition. The final chapter, by the editor, attempts to review and integrate what was currently known about schizophrenic cognition and language. This chapter contrasts the various experimental methodologies used to validate theories by pointing out areas of agreement and disagreement as well as possible directions for future theory and research. Here is a book that at the time presented the most up-to-date overview available on language and thought in schizophrenia. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.

8. 8 Boundary Layer Structure and Detached Plasma 305 8. 8. 1 Background 305 8. 8. 2 Structure inside the boundary layer 306 8. 8. 3 Observation of detached plasma 308 8. 8. 4 Summary 309 8. 9 Summary and Conclusions 310 References 312 9. CLUSTER AT THE MAGNETOSPHERIC CUSPS 321 9. 1 Introduction 321 9. 1. 1 Previous work 323 9. 1. 2 How Cluster investigates the cusp 325 9. 2 The High-Altitude Cusp 326 9. 2. 1 March 17, 2001 328 9. 2. 2 February 4, 2001 332 9. 2. 3 February 13, 2001 337 9. 2. 4 Statistical survey 340 9. 2. 5 Waves and turbulence 343 9. 3 The Mid-Altitude Cusp 352 9. 3. 1 Structure: Case study 352 9. 3. 2 Structure: Statistical survey 354 9. 3. 3 Ionospheric ions 354 9. 3. 4 Mid-altitude signatures of the LLBL 357 9. 4 Discussion 359 References 360 10. MAGNETOPAUSE PROCESSES 367 10. 1 Magnetopause Reconnection 368 10. 1. 1 Intermittent vs. quasi-steady reconnection 368 10. 1. 2 Component vs. anti-parallel reconnection 382 10. 1. 3 Tailward-of-the-cusp reconnection 385 10. 1. 4 Quantitative tests of reconnection occurrence 388 10. 1. 5 Summary 391 10. 2 Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability at the Flank Magnetopause 391 10. 3 Microphysics of Magnetopause Processes 396 10. 3. 1 Collisionless generalised Ohm's law 397 10. 3. 2 Ion di?usion region observations 398 10. 3. 3 High-frequency waves 402 10. 3. 4 Lower-hybrid waves 405 10. 3.

Decision making is the physician's major activity. Every day, in doctors' offices throughout the world, patients describe their symptoms and com plaints while doctors perform examinations, order tests, and, on the basis of these data, decide what is wrong and what should be done. Although the process may appear routine-even to the physicians in volved-each step in the sequence requires skilled clinical judgment. Physicians must decide: which symptoms are important, whether any laboratory tests should be done, how the various items of clinical data should be combined, and, finally, which of several treatments (including doing nothing) is indicated. Although much of the information used in clinical decision making is objective, the physician's values (a belief that pain relief is more important than potential addiction to pain-killing drugs, for example) and subjectivity are as much a part of the clinical process as the objective findings of laboratory tests. In recent years, both physicians and psychologists have come to realize that patient management decisions are not only subjective but also prob abilistic (although this is not always acknowledged overtly). When doc tors argue that an operation is fairly safe because it has a mortality rate of only 1 %, they are at least implicitly admitting that the outcome of their decision is based on probability."

When the stream of plasma emitted from the Sun (the solar wind) encounters Earth's magnetic field, it slows down and flows around it, leaving behind a cavity, the magnetosphere. The magnetopause is the surface that separates the solar wind on the outside from the Earth's magnetic field on the inside. Because the solar wind moves at supersonic speed, a bow shock must form ahead of the magnetopause that acts to slow the solar wind to subsonic speeds. Magnetopause, bow shock and their environs are rich in exciting processes in collisionless plasmas, such as shock formation, magnetic reconnection, particle acceleration and wave-particle interactions. They are interesting in their own right, as part of Earth's environment, but also because they are prototypes of similar structures and phenomena that are ubiquitous in the universe, having the unique advantage that they are accessible to in situ measurements. The boundaries of the magnetosphere have been the target of direct in-situ measurements since the beginning of the space age. But because they are constantly moving, changing their orientation, and undergoing evolution, the interpretation of single-spacecraft measurements has been plagued by the fundamental inability of a single observer to unambiguously distinguish spatial from temporal changes. The boundaries are thus a prime target for the study by a closely spaced fleet of spacecraft. Thus the Cluster mission, with its four spacecraft in a three-dimensional configuration at variable separation distances, represents a giant step forward. This 20th volume of the ISSI Space Science Series represents the first synthesis of the exciting new results obtained in the first few years of the Cluster mission.

Schwartz settles across the southwest to shed light on souls who, despite all odds, are still looking for meaning.

The acclaimed introductory text to geometrical and visual optics --- now in full color Geometrical and Visual Optics, Third Edition is a rigorous, yet approachable text that expertly combines basic optics with clinical application in a way that brings key optometry topics to life. It is meant to be a concise and user-friendly resource for clinicians as they begin their study of optics, and as they eventually prepare for licensing examinations. The book emphasizes optical concepts and problem-solving skills that underlie contemporary clinical eye care, and because of its clinical utility, a vergence approach is stressed. FEATURES: *3 complete practice exams, totaling 122 questions *200+ end-of-chapter self-assessment problems with detailed worked-out solutions*Full-color figures and clinical highlights*Learning Objectives appear at the beginning of each chapter*Color highlighted summaries, sample problems, and tables*Summary and list of formulas appear at the end of each chapter*NEW CHAPTER on lens thickness; and prism coverage has been expanded to include vertical imbalance*In-depth coverage of geometrical and visual optics spans the full spectrum of topics, from refraction at spherical surfaces, to thin and thick lenses, to depth of field, ametropia, magnification, retinal image size, and reflection*Primary emphasis is on core concepts, with a minimum of formulas and superfluous mathematics

Teaches the fundamentals of physics to computer scientists, electrical and electronic engineers. The presentation is directed toward understanding the fundamental physics of how a computer works, while still providing a broad and effective one-year introduction to classical and modern physics. In this third edition, the first part of the book has been revised somewhat to include more references to the applications of the concepts in the later parts, and the second part now includes sections on chaos and complexity and on noise and information theory. The discussion of devices and fabrication has been revised, and an appendix introducing students to computer programming has been added. This edition includes many new homework problems, including some that involve writing computer programs.